Optimized energy management of inductively charged electric buses reflecting operational constraints and traffic conditions

The introduction of alternative propulsion concepts in public transport makes significant contributions to further reduce pollutants emitted by transport systems (noise, air pollutants). This paradigm shift is a major challenge for public transport operators. Operational performance of heavy duty vehicles depends on many different factors such as climatic conditions, load profiles (e.g. variations in passenger occupancy) and track topology. Currently there is no common standard which allows the assessment of energetic performance of different vehicle concepts and optimum deployment strategies of electric charging infrastructure in the network (with respect to their impact on the vehicles’ duty plans). This paper introduces a simulation-based approach to provide answers to this multi-variant optimization problem. The model outlined in this paper allows operators to choose the most adequate vehicle type(s) and corresponding infrastructure for their respective conditions aiming at a maximum operational availability of the buses during the operational day. Furthermore, the simulation model allows the assessment of time tables and line topologies with respect to their operational feasibility. This paper discusses experiences made with simulative studies in the introduction of inductively charged electric buses in the city of Braunschweig (Germany)

Simulation Based Studies on the Integration of Battery-Electric Vehicles in Regional Bus Services

Around the world, more and more cities already have introduced electric-powered bus fleets or are planning to do so in the near future. Thus far, electrical-powered bus fleets have not yet been applied to regional bus services. This paper analyzes the boundary conditions of the operational integration of electrically powered bus fleets in regional bus services. The paper introduces a methodical approach which can be used to identify the optimum deployment strategy for electrical-powered buses which is a combination of technological factors (e.g. dimensions of energy storage and charging technology) the operational regime to be applied (e.g. routing and scheduling). The methodical approach is exemplarily instantiated with the analysis of sample data of a bus line in a topographically challenging region. The model-driven prognosis of the vehicle’s state of charge is the basis for the definition of an optimum deployment strategy for electrical-powered buses on that line

Neuartige Planungsprozesse für die Elektrifizierung von Nahverkehrsbusflotten

In der städtischen Verkehrsplanung ist die Förderung umweltfreundlicher Verkehrsarten gelebte Praxis. Die qualitätsge-rechte Gestaltung der Angebotspalette des öffentlichen Personennahverkehrs (ÖPNV) ermöglicht den Bürgern, ihre Mobilitätsbedürfnisse auch ohne eigenes Automobil flexibel zu befriedigen. Durch die Nutzung alternativer Antriebs-konzepte leistet der ÖPNV einen weiteren Beitrag zu einer verringerten Emission von Schall und Luftschadstoffen. Dieser Paradigmenwechsel stellt die Betreiber bereits in der Planung ihres Verkehrssystems vor neuartige Herausforde-rungen. Dieser Beitrag stellt die verkehrs- und betriebsplanerischen Überlegungen im Vorfeld der Betriebsaufnahme induktiv geladener Linienbusse anhand eines Pilotvorhabens im Gebiet der kreisfreien Stadt Braunschweig dar

Simulation based planning processes for the integration of inductively charged vehicles into public transportation services

Economy and reliability are requirements that innovative vehicle concepts for public transport operations need to fulfil. In the context of inductive charging, the interdependency between the dimensioning of power electronics and drive aggregates of the vehicles and the charging infrastructure need to be taken into consideration. Life-cycle costs of stationary infrastructure and compatible vehicles need to be reflected. The battery significantly determines the investment and the vehicle weight. This has to be weighed up against the required high level of operational availability. The planning process of the introduction of electrically charged vehicles aims for the maximization of operational availability. The evaluation of the application of novel energy-supplies and drive concepts requires a tool that combines several systems and aspects. These include transportation scheduling, the influence of and the interaction with general traffic and also kinematic models. The open source software SUMO can be applied. Real operational data from vehicles that are currently in service allows appropriate model calibration. In Brunswick (Germany), the line M19 was taken into consideration for the electrification with inductively charged buses. The simulation clearly showed that not only varying traffic conditions have to be reflected, but also the passenger occupancy. The energy consumption of a single drive-cycle varies by about 20 % for the measured cycles and might vary by about 40 % in for theoretical passenger rates. The capacity of available batteries proved sufficient, though. The project proves that results of traffic flow simulations with an integrated energy consumption model are useful for operational planning prior to the start of operation of busses with alternative power trains

Simulationsbasierte Planungsprozesse für die betriebliche Eingliederung induktiv geladener Busse in den Betrieb

Mit einem qualitätsgerechten öffentlichen Personennahverkehr (ÖPNV) können die Bürger auch ohne eigenes Auto ihre Mobilitätsbedürfnisse flexibel befriedigen. Mit alternativen Antriebskonzepten leistet der ÖPNV einen weiteren Beitrag zu einer verringerten Emission von Schall und Luftschadstoffen. Dieser Beitrag stellt die verkehrs- und betriebsplanerischen Überlegungen im Vorfeld der Betriebsaufnahme induktiv geladener Linienbusse dar

Optimierung des Energiemanagements induktiv geladener Busse unter Berücksichtigung betrieblicher und verkehrlicher Randbedingungen

In der Planung des städtischen Verkehrs ist die klassische als Umweltverbund bezeichnete Förderung umweltfreundlicher Verkehrsarten seit langem etabliert. Durch die qualitätsgerechte Gestaltung der Angebotspalette öffentlicher Verkehrssysteme ist es der Bevölkerung hierbei möglich, ihre Mobilitätsbedürfnisse auch ohne ein eigenes Automobil weitestgehend flexibel zu befriedigen. Der ÖPNV kann durch den Einsatz alternativer Antriebskonzepte einen weiteren Beitrag zur verringerten Schall- und Luftschadstoffemission leisten. In diesem Zusammenhang stellt insbesondere die Ablösung von Diesel- durch Elektrobusse ohne Oberleitungen ein großes Potenzial dar. Allerdings stellt dieser Paradigmenwechsel die ÖPNV-Unternehmen bereits in der Planung ihres Verkehrssystems vor neuartige Herausforderungen. In diesem Beitrag werden die verkehrs- und betriebsplanerischen Überlegungen im Vorfeld der Betriebsaufnahme induktiv geladener Linienbusse dargestellt. Als Beispiel dient ein Pilotvorhaben im Gebiet der kreisfreien Stadt Braunschweig, in dem induktive Linienbusse und eine entsprechende Ladeinfrastruktur erfolgreich in Betrieb genommen wurden

SUMO2015 - Intermodal Simulation for Intermodal Transport

Dear reader, You are holding in your hands a volume of the series „Reports of the DLR-Institute of Transportation Systems“. We are publishing in this series fascinating, scientific topics from the Institute of Transportation Systems of the German Aerospace Center (Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. - DLR) and from his environment. We are providing libraries with a part of the circulation. Outstanding scientific contributions and dissertations are here published as well as projects reports and proceedings of conferences in our house with different contributors from science, economy and politics. With this series we are pursuing the objective to enable a broad access to scientific works and results. We are using the series as well as to promote practically young researchers by the publication of the dissertation of our staff and external doctoral candidates, too. Publications are important milestones on the academic career path. With the series „Reports of the DLR-Institute of Transportation Systems / Berichte aus dem DLR-Institut für Verkehrssystem¬technik“ we are widening the spectrum of possible publications with a bulding block. Beyond that we understand the communication of our scientific fields of research as a contribution to the national and international research landscape in the fiels of automotive, railway systems and traffic management. This volume contains the proceedings of the SUMO2015 – Intermodal Simulation for Intermodal Transport Data, which was held from 7th to 8th May 2015 in Berlin-Adlershof, Germany. SUMO is a well established microscopic traffic simulation suite which has been available since 2002 and provides a wide range of traffic planning and simulation tools. The conference proceedings give a good overview of the applicability and usefulness of simulation tools like SUMO ranging from new methods in traffic control and vehicular communication to the simulation of complete cities. Another aspect of the tool suite, its universal extensibility due to the availability of the source code, is reflected in contributions covering rapid scenario prototyping and interfacing improvements to govern microscopic traffic simulation results. The major topic of this third edition of the SUMO conference is the interaction of different types of traffic and intermodality. Several articles cover heterogeneous traffic networks as well as logistics and pedestrian extensions to the simulation. Subsequent specialized issues such as disaster management aspects and applying agile development techniques to scenario building are targeted as well. The conference’s aim was bringing together the large international user community and exchanging experience in using SUMO, while presenting results or solutions obtained using the software or modeling mobility with open data. Let you inspire to try your next project with the SUMO suite. There are many new applications in your environment. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Karsten Lemme

1st SUMO User Conference 2013

Dear reader, You are holding in your hands a volume of the series „Reports of the DLR-Institute of Transportation Systems“. We are publishing in this series fascinating, scientific topics from the Institute of Transportation Systems of the German Aerospace Center (Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. - DLR) and from his environment. We are providing libraries with a part of the circulation. Outstanding scientific contributions and dissertations are here published as well as projects reports and proceedings of conferences in our house with different contributors from science, economy and politics. With this series we are pursuing the objective to enable a broad access to scientific works and results. We are using the series as well as to promote practically young researchers by the publication of the dissertation of our staff and external doctoral candidates, too. Publications are important milestones on the academic career path. With the series „Reports of the DLR-Institute of Transportation Systems / Berichte aus dem DLR-Institut für Verkehrssystem-technik“we are widening the spectrum of possible publications with a bulding block. Beyond that we understand the communication of our scientific fields of research as a contribution to the national and international research landscape in the fiels of automotive, railway systems and traffic management. This volume contains the proceedings of the 1st SUMO User Conference (SUMO2013), which was held from 15th to 17th May 2013 in Berlin-Adlershof, Germany. SUMO is a well established microscopic traffic simulation suite which has been available since 2001 and provides a wide range of traffic planning and simulation tools. The conference proceedings give a good overview of the applicability and usefulness of simulation tools like SUMO ranging from new methods in traffic control and vehicular communication to the simulation of complete cities. Another aspect of the tool suite, its universal extensibility due to the availability of source code, is reflected in contributions covering parallelization and workflow improvements to govern microscopic traffic simulation results. Several articles give short outlines of the general workflow when setting up a simulation with SUMO as well as an overview about the available tools for net and demand generation and for the evaluation of the results. Further features, include the simulation of private and public transport modes, person-based trip chains as well as the extension for the implementation of new behavioral models or remote control of the simulation using various programming environments. The conference’s aim was bringing together the large international user community and exchanging experience in using SUMO, while presenting results or solutions obtained using the software. This collection should inspire you to try your next project with the SUMO suite as well or to find new applications in your existing environment. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Karsten Lemme